batteries Opções

batteries Opções

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The electrochemical reaction in a battery is carried out by moving electrons from one material to another (called electrodes) using an electric current. The first battery was invented in 1800 by Italian physicist Alessandro Volta.

It is defined as the maximum current that can be applied to charge the battery. This is practically a maximum of 1A/2A that can be applied if a battery protection circuit is built-in but still 500 mA is the best range for a battery charge.

Batteries are represented in electrical schematics and diagrams by using a simple symbol. The symbol may differ depending on the type of battery used.

If the temperature is raised deliberately, faster discharge can be sustained, but this is not generally advisable, because the battery chemicals may evaporate or react spontaneously with one another, leading to early failure.

Zinc-air batteries typically operate by oxidizing zinc with oxygen from the air. Since they are activated by air, they are ready for use when the oxygen interacts with the zinc in the battery. They have high energy density and are relatively inexpensive to produce.

Silicon-doped graphite already entered the market a few years ago, and now around 30% of anodes contain silicon. Another option is innovative lithium metal anodes, which could yield even greater energy density when they become commercially available.

Benjamin Franklin first used the term "battery" in 1749 when he was doing experiments with electricity using a set of linked Leyden jar capacitors. [4] Franklin grouped a number of the jars into what he described as a "battery", using the military term for weapons functioning together.

It can be mounted in any position and does not require regular maintenance. It has a relief valve that is activated when the battery generates hydrogen gas.

The C-rate is a measure of the rate at which a battery is being charged or discharged. It is defined as the current through the battery divided by the theoretical current draw under which the battery would deliver its nominal rated capacity in one hour.[51] It has the units h−1. Because of internal resistance loss and the chemical processes inside the cells, a battery rarely delivers nameplate rated capacity in only one hour. Typically, maximum capacity is found at a low C-rate, and charging or discharging at a higher C-rate reduces the usable life and capacity of a battery.

The casing of batteries is made from steel, and the rest of the battery is made from a combination of materials (listed above) dependent on type and application. The rest of the cell is made from a combination of paper and plastic.

These wet cells used liquid electrolytes, which were prone to leakage and spillage if not handled correctly. Many used glass jars to hold their components, which made them fragile and potentially dangerous.

These types of batteries remain active until the power runs out, usually about three years. Benefits of this battery include flat discharge voltage, safety environmental benefits, and low cost.

Batteries consist of two electrical акумулатори terminals called the cathode and the anode, separated by a chemical material called an electrolyte. To accept and release energy, a battery is coupled to an external circuit.

Almost any liquid or moist object that has enough ions to be electrically conductive can serve as the electrolyte for a cell.